Optimizing price and latency with Amazon Bedrock immediate caching

content material = [
    {"text": "<static document content>"},
    {"cachePoint": {"type": "default"}},   # cache everything above
    {"text": "<user question>"}             # dynamic, changes per request
]

import boto3
import json
import time

MODEL_ID = "international.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0"  # Minimal token requirement to activate cache: 1,024 tokens
AWS_REGION = "us-west-2"

bedrock = boto3.shopper("bedrock-runtime", region_name=AWS_REGION)

# Doc LARGE sufficient (>1024 tokens required for Claude Sonnet 4.5)
DOCUMENT = """
The universe is an unlimited and mysterious expanse that has captivated human creativeness for millennia. From the earliest civilizations who regarded up on the night time sky and questioned concerning the nature of the celebrities, to fashionable astronomers utilizing subtle telescopes and spacecraft to discover distant galaxies, our quest to know the cosmos continues unabated. This complete overview covers the main elements of our universe, from the smallest asteroids to the most important galaxy clusters.

Our photo voltaic system, situated within the Milky Method galaxy, is residence to eight planets, quite a few dwarf planets, and numerous smaller objects together with asteroids, comets, and meteoroids. The Solar, a middle-aged G-type main-sequence star, offers the power that sustains life on Earth and influences the dynamics of all objects inside its gravitational attain.

Mercury, the innermost planet, experiences excessive temperature variations because of its proximity to the Solar and lack of considerable ambiance. Venus, typically known as Earth's twin because of its comparable dimension, has a thick ambiance composed primarily of carbon dioxide, making a runaway greenhouse impact that makes it the most well liked planet in our photo voltaic system. Earth, our residence, is the one identified planet to harbor life, with its distinctive mixture of liquid water, reasonable temperatures, and protecting magnetic discipline.

Mars, the Purple Planet, has lengthy been a topic of fascination and hypothesis about the potential for extraterrestrial life. Its rusty look comes from iron oxide prevalent on its floor. The planet options the most important volcano within the photo voltaic system, Olympus Mons, and a canyon system, Valles Marineris, that dwarfs the Grand Canyon. Current Mars missions have found proof of historic river programs and the presence of water ice beneath the floor.

The asteroid belt, situated between Mars and Jupiter, comprises hundreds of thousands of rocky objects starting from small boulders to the dwarf planet Ceres. These remnants from the early photo voltaic system present beneficial insights into planetary formation and the circumstances that existed billions of years in the past. Scientists examine these asteroids to know the constructing blocks of planets and the early photo voltaic system's chemical composition. Some asteroids include beneficial metals and minerals that will sooner or later be mined for space-based industries.

The terrestrial planets share frequent traits: rocky compositions, comparatively small sizes in comparison with gasoline giants, and stable surfaces. Mercury's closely cratered floor resembles our Moon, preserving a report of impacts from the early photo voltaic system. Venus's dense ambiance traps warmth so successfully that its floor temperature exceeds that of Mercury, regardless of being farther from the Solar. Earth's plate tectonics repeatedly reshape its floor, whereas Mars exhibits proof of previous geological exercise together with historic volcanoes and water-carved channels.

Jupiter, the most important planet, is a gasoline large composed primarily of hydrogen and helium. Its Nice Purple Spot, a persistent anticyclonic storm, has been noticed for over 400 years. Jupiter's intense magnetic discipline and quite a few moons, together with the 4 Galilean satellites found by Galileo Galilei in 1610, make it a miniature photo voltaic system in its personal proper. Europa, one in all these moons, is believed to have a subsurface ocean that would probably harbor life.

Saturn, well-known for its spectacular ring system, is one other gasoline large with dozens of moons. Titan, its largest moon, has a thick ambiance and liquid hydrocarbon lakes, making it one of the intriguing our bodies within the photo voltaic system for astrobiological analysis. The Cassini-Huygens mission supplied unprecedented particulars about Saturn and its moons throughout its 13-year exploration.

Uranus and Neptune, the ice giants, reside within the outer reaches of our photo voltaic system. Uranus rotates on its facet, probably due to an enormous impression early in its historical past. Neptune, the windiest planet, options storms with wind speeds exceeding 2,000 kilometers per hour. Each planets have ring programs, although much less outstanding than Saturn's.

Past Neptune lies the Kuiper Belt, a area populated by icy our bodies together with the dwarf planet Pluto. The New Horizons mission's flyby of Pluto in 2015 revealed a geologically lively world with nitrogen glaciers and a hazy ambiance. Even additional out is the Oort Cloud, a hypothetical spherical shell of icy objects that will lengthen midway to the closest star.

The outer photo voltaic system stays largely unexplored in comparison with the inside planets. Solely Voyager 2 has visited each Uranus and Neptune, conducting transient flybys within the Nineteen Eighties. Future missions are being deliberate to review these ice giants in additional element, probably together with orbiters and atmospheric probes. The moons of the outer planets current thrilling targets for astrobiology, with Europa, Enceladus, and Titan all displaying indicators of environments that would help life.

Gasoline giants and ice giants differ basically in composition. Whereas Jupiter and Saturn are primarily hydrogen and helium, Uranus and Neptune include vital quantities of water, ammonia, and methane ices. This distinction provides the ice giants their attribute blue-green colours and totally different inside buildings in comparison with their bigger neighbors.

Exoplanet analysis has revolutionized our understanding of planetary programs. The Kepler house telescope found 1000's of planets orbiting different stars, revealing that planets are frequent all through our galaxy. A few of these exoplanets reside within the liveable zone of their stars, the place liquid water may exist on the floor.

The seek for extraterrestrial intelligence, often called SETI, makes use of radio telescopes to pay attention for indicators from superior civilizations. Whereas no definitive indicators have been detected, the Drake Equation offers a framework for estimating the variety of speaking civilizations in our galaxy.

Black holes, areas of spacetime the place gravity is so robust that nothing can escape, characterize among the most excessive objects within the universe. Stellar black holes type from the collapse of huge stars, whereas supermassive black holes, containing hundreds of thousands to billions of photo voltaic lots, reside on the facilities of most galaxies together with our personal.

The James Webb Area Telescope, launched in 2021, observes in infrared to review the earliest galaxies and probe planetary atmospheres for indicators of life. Understanding the universe requires collaboration throughout disciplines together with physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering.

Stellar evolution describes how stars change over their lifetimes. Stars type in molecular clouds when gravity causes dense areas to break down. Nuclear fusion within the core converts hydrogen to helium, releasing monumental quantities of power. When stars exhaust their nuclear gas, their destiny is determined by their mass: smaller stars change into white dwarfs, medium stars might change into neutron stars, and probably the most huge stars explode as supernovae, probably abandoning black holes.

Galaxies, containing billions of stars, are available in varied shapes together with spiral, elliptical, and irregular. The Milky Method is a barred spiral galaxy roughly 100,000 light-years in diameter. Galaxies typically cluster collectively, forming teams and superclusters related by cosmic filaments of darkish matter and gasoline. The observable universe comprises roughly two trillion galaxies, every harboring a whole lot of billions of stars.

The cosmic microwave background radiation, found in 1965, offers a snapshot of the universe roughly 380,000 years after the Large Bang. Detailed measurements of this radiation have confirmed the Large Bang principle and revealed details about the early universe's composition and geometry. Darkish matter and darkish power collectively comprise about 95% of the universe's complete mass-energy content material.

Area exploration has achieved outstanding milestones for the reason that launch of Sputnik in 1957. Human spaceflight started with Yuri Gagarin's orbit in 1961 and culminated within the Apollo Moon landings. The Worldwide Area Station has hosted steady human presence in house since 2000. Future missions goal to return people to the Moon by the Artemis program and ultimately ship astronauts to Mars. Personal house firms have reworked the trade, growing reusable rockets which have dramatically decreased launch prices.

The examine of astrobiology examines the origin, evolution, and distribution of life within the universe. Scientists seek for biosignatures in planetary atmospheres and analyze extremophiles on Earth to know the bounds of life. The invention of natural molecules on Mars and within the plumes of Enceladus fuels hypothesis about the potential for life elsewhere in our photo voltaic system. Fashionable telescopes have detected exoplanets utilizing a number of strategies together with transit photometry, radial velocity measurements, and direct imaging.

Gravitational wave astronomy represents one of many latest frontiers in house science. The LIGO and Virgo detectors have noticed mergers of black holes and neutron stars, confirming predictions from Einstein's normal principle of relativity. These observations have opened a completely new window on the universe, permitting scientists to review phenomena which can be invisible to conventional electromagnetic telescopes. The longer term space-based LISA mission guarantees to detect gravitational waves from much more unique sources, together with the mergers of supermassive black holes on the facilities of galaxies.
"""

def converse_with_cache(doc, query):
    """Question a doc with immediate caching enabled."""
    content material = [
        {"text": document},
        {"cachePoint": {"type": "default"}},
        {"text": question}
    ]

    response = bedrock.converse(
        modelId=MODEL_ID,
        messages=[{"role": "user", "content": content}],
        inferenceConfig={"maxTokens": 512}
    )
    return response["usage"]

# Request 1: cache write (first time seeing this content material)
usage1 = converse_with_cache(DOCUMENT, "What are the important thing factors?")
print("Request 1 (cache write anticipated):")
print(json.dumps(usage1, indent=2))

time.sleep(1)

# Request 2: cache learn (similar doc, totally different query)
usage2 = converse_with_cache(DOCUMENT, "Summarize the conclusions.")
print("nRequest 2 (cache learn anticipated):")
print(json.dumps(usage2, indent=2))

{
  "inputTokens": 28,
  "outputTokens": 253,
  "cacheWriteInputTokens": 1898,
  "cacheReadInputTokens": 0
}

{
  "inputTokens": 28,
  "outputTokens": 294,
  "cacheWriteInputTokens": 0,
  "cacheReadInputTokens": 1898
}

content material = [
    {"text": SECTION_1},
    {"cachePoint": {"type": "default"}},
    {"text": SECTION_2},
    {"cachePoint": {"type": "default"}},
    {"text": SECTION_3},
    {"cachePoint": {"type": "default"}},
    {"text": QUESTION}
]

def converse_stream_with_cache(doc, query):
    content material = [
        {"text": document},
        {"cachePoint": {"type": "default"}},
        {"text": question}
    ]

    response = bedrock.converse_stream(
        modelId=MODEL_ID,
        messages=[{"role": "user", "content": content}],
        inferenceConfig={"maxTokens": 512}
    )

    textual content = ""
    utilization = {}
    for occasion in response["stream"]:
        if "contentBlockDelta" in occasion:
            textual content += occasion["contentBlockDelta"]["delta"].get("textual content", "")
        elif "metadata" in occasion:
            utilization = occasion["metadata"].get("utilization", {})

    return utilization, textual content

def measure_ttft(doc, query, use_cache=True, iterations=5):
    """Measure TTFT utilizing ConverseStream."""
    ttfts = []
    for i in vary(iterations):
        if use_cache:
            content material = [
                {"text": document},
                {"cachePoint": {"type": "default"}},
                {"text": question}
            ]
        else:
            content material = [{"text": document + "nn" + question}]

        begin = time.time()
        response = bedrock.converse_stream(
            modelId=MODEL_ID,
            messages=[{"role": "user", "content": content}],
            inferenceConfig={"maxTokens": 512}
        )
        for occasion in response["stream"]:
            if "contentBlockDelta" in occasion:
                ttft = time.time() - begin
                ttfts.append(ttft)
                for _ in response["stream"]:
                    go
                break
        time.sleep(0.5)
    return ttfts

system = [
    {"text": "<detailed system prompt>"},
    {"cachePoint": {"type": "default"}}
]

SYSTEM_PROMPT = """You might be an Skilled Area Science Advisor, a extremely educated
AI assistant specializing in astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, and house
exploration. Your position is to supply correct, complete, and fascinating info
about many elements of house science.

## Core Experience Areas

### Planetary Science
You possess deep data of planetary formation, composition, atmospheres, and
geology throughout our photo voltaic system and past. This contains understanding the inside
rocky planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars), gasoline giants (Jupiter and Saturn),
ice giants (Uranus and Neptune), dwarf planets equivalent to Pluto and Ceres, and the
numerous smaller our bodies that inhabit our photo voltaic system.

You perceive the processes that form planetary worlds: volcanism, tectonics,
atmospheric erosion, meteorite impacts, cryovolcanism, and planetary differentiation.
You'll be able to clarify how planetary magnetic fields come up and defend atmospheres, how
seasons change on totally different worlds, and the way water and different volatiles behave beneath
various planetary circumstances.

Your experience extends to moons and satellite tv for pc programs. You already know the fascinating
moons of the photo voltaic system: Jupiter's volcanic Io, Europa with its subsurface ocean,
Saturn's Titan with its methane lakes, Enceladus with its water geysers, Neptune's
Triton with its frozen nitrogen, and our personal Moon with its distinctive formation historical past.
You perceive how tidal forces form these worlds and the way they could harbor liveable
environments.

### Astrophysics and Cosmology
Your experience extends to the elemental physics governing the universe. You
perceive stellar evolution from star-forming nebulae to supernovae and black holes.
You'll be able to clarify the life cycle of stars, from long-lived pink dwarfs to short-lived
blue giants, and the way stellar mass determines a star's destiny.

You comprehend the construction and evolution of galaxies, together with our Milky Method.
You already know the various kinds of galaxies (spirals, ellipticals, and irregulars)
and the way they type, work together, and evolve over billions of years. You perceive the
position of supermassive black holes at galactic facilities and the way they affect galactic
evolution.

Your data encompasses fashionable cosmology: the Large Bang principle, the growth of
the universe, the cosmic microwave background radiation, darkish power, darkish matter,
and the large-scale construction of the cosmos. You'll be able to talk about the final word destiny of
the universe, the character of spacetime, and the elemental ideas governing
bodily actuality.

### Area Exploration
You might be well-versed within the historical past and way forward for human and robotic house exploration.
You already know the milestones of the house age: the launch of Sputnik, Yuri Gagarin as
the primary human in house, the Apollo program and Moon landings, the Skylab, Mir,
and ISS house stations, the house shuttle packages, and the pioneering robotic
missions.

You perceive present and previous robotic missions: the Voyager probes exploring
interstellar house, Cassini-Huygens at Saturn, New Horizons at Pluto, the Mars
rovers Spirit, Alternative, Curiosity, and Perseverance, ESA missions like Rosetta,
Chinese language lunar missions, and the Parker Photo voltaic Probe and Photo voltaic Orbiter.

You might be accustomed to house know-how: propulsion programs (chemical, ionic,
nuclear), house navigation, life help programs, radiation safety, deep-space
communications, house telescopes, and scientific devices. You perceive the
distinctive engineering challenges of spaceflight: vacuum, radiation, microgravity,
excessive temperatures, and long-term reliability.

You observe present developments in industrial house exploration: SpaceX and its
Starship system, Blue Origin and New Glenn, NASA's Artemis plans to return to the
Moon, the lunar Gateway house station, deliberate missions to Mars, and the rising
position of personal firms in house exploration.

### Astrobiology and the Seek for Life
You've got specialised data concerning the circumstances vital for all times, liveable
zones round stars, and the seek for life within the universe. You perceive the
basic necessities for all times as we all know it: liquid water, power sources, primary
components (CHNOPS), and steady environments.

You already know the possibly liveable environments within the photo voltaic system: Europa's
subsurface ocean, Enceladus's seas, Titan's lakes, historic moist Mars, and presumably
even Venus's higher ambiance. You perceive how extremophiles on Earth inform our
seek for life elsewhere.

### Astronomical Statement
You've got data of astronomical statement strategies, from ground-based
telescopes to house observatories. You perceive totally different wavelengths of sunshine:
radio, infrared, seen, ultraviolet, X-ray, and gamma rays, and what every reveals
concerning the cosmos.

You already know main observatories: the Hubble Area Telescope, the James Webb Area
Telescope, the Chandra X-ray Observatory, ESO's VLT telescopes, the Keck
observatories, the Atacama Massive Millimeter Array (ALMA), and gravitational wave
observatories like LIGO and Virgo.

## Response Tips

### Scientific Accuracy
At all times prioritize scientific accuracy in your responses. Base your explanations on
our present scientific understanding. When there's uncertainty or scientific debate,
acknowledge this explicitly and current totally different views. Clearly distinguish
between established info, well-supported theories, speculative hypotheses, and
science fiction.

### Readability and Accessibility
Adapt your explanations to the obvious data stage of the questioner. For primary
questions, present clear, accessible explanations utilizing analogies when acceptable.
For superior questions, it's possible you'll use extra technical terminology freely, however all the time
outline specialised phrases the primary time you employ them.

Use analogies and comparisons to make summary ideas extra concrete. For instance,
examine planetary sizes to acquainted objects, cosmic distances to terrestrial journeys,
or geological timescales to human historic occasions.

### Context and Perspective
At all times present acceptable context to your solutions. Clarify not simply what we all know,
however how we all know it: the missions, observations, and experiments that supplied the
proof. When related, point out the historical past of discoveries and the way our understanding
has advanced.

## Communication Model

Preserve an expert however accessible tone. Be affected person and inspiring with all
questions, no matter sophistication stage. Keep away from pointless jargon, however don't
oversimplify advanced ideas in methods which may be deceptive.

Construction lengthy responses clearly with sections and subheadings when acceptable. Use
numbered or bulleted lists to arrange advanced info. Start with a direct reply
to the query, then present further particulars and context.

When acceptable, counsel further sources or associated areas of curiosity the person
might need to discover. Encourage curiosity and continued studying about our fascinating
universe.
"""

def converse_system_cached(query):
    response = bedrock.converse(
        modelId=MODEL_ID,
        system=[
            {"text": SYSTEM_PROMPT},
            {"cachePoint": {"type": "default"}}
        ],
        messages=[{"role": "user", "content": [{"text": question}]}],
        inferenceConfig={"maxTokens": 512}
    )
    return response["usage"], response["output"]["message"]["content"][0]["text"]

# Request 1: cache write
usage1, _ = converse_system_cached("What are probably the most promising places for locating microbial life?")
print("Request 1 (cache write anticipated):")
print(json.dumps(usage1, indent=2))

time.sleep(1)

# Request 2: totally different query, similar system immediate (cache learn)
usage2, _ = converse_system_cached("How do gravitational waves assist us examine the universe?")
print("nRequest 2 (cache learn anticipated, totally different person query):")
print(json.dumps(usage2, indent=2))

toolConfig = {
    "instruments": [
        {"toolSpec": {"name": "tool_1", "description": "...", "inputSchema": {"json": {...}}}},
        {"toolSpec": {"name": "tool_2", "description": "...", "inputSchema": {"json": {...}}}},
        {"cachePoint": {"type": "default"}}   # after the tool definitions
    ]
}

TOOLS_LIST = [
    {
        "name": "analyze_celestial_object",
        "description": "Analyzes a celestial object and returns detailed information about its physical properties, composition, orbit, and observational characteristics. Supports planets, moons, stars, exoplanets, and galaxies with different levels of analysis depth.",
        "input_schema": {
            "type": "object",
            "properties": {
                "object_name": {
                    "type": "string",
                    "description": "The name of the celestial object to analyze (e.g., Mars, Titan, Proxima Centauri)"
                },
                "object_type": {
                    "type": "string",
                    "enum": ["planet", "moon", "star", "exoplanet", "galaxy", "asteroid", "comet", "nebula"],
                    "description": "The kind of celestial object"
                },
                "analysis_depth": {
                    "kind": "string",
                    "enum": ["basic", "standard", "comprehensive"],
                    "description": "Stage of research element: primary (overview), customary (important properties), complete (full evaluation)"
                },
                "output_units": {
                    "kind": "object",
                    "properties": {
                        "mass": {
                            "kind": "string",
                            "enum": ["kg", "earth_masses", "solar_masses", "jupiter_masses"],
                            "description": "Unit for mass measurements"
                        },
                        "distance": {
                            "kind": "string",
                            "enum": ["km", "au", "light_years", "parsecs"],
                            "description": "Unit for distance measurements"
                        },
                        "temperature": {
                            "kind": "string",
                            "enum": ["celsius", "kelvin", "fahrenheit"],
                            "description": "Unit for temperature"
                        }
                    }
                },
                "include_history": {
                    "kind": "boolean",
                    "description": "Embody discovery historical past and essential observations"
                }
            },
            "required": ["object_name", "object_type"]
        }
    },
    {
        "identify": "calculate_orbital_mechanics",
        "description": "Performs orbital mechanics calculations together with trajectory planning, Hohmann transfers, gravity assists, escape velocity, and orbital place predictions. Important for house missions and trajectory planning.",
        "input_schema": {
            "kind": "object",
            "properties": {
                "calculation_type": {
                    "kind": "string",
                    "enum": ["hohmann_transfer", "gravity_assist", "escape_velocity", "orbital_period", "delta_v"],
                    "description": "Sort of orbital calculation to carry out"
                },
                "origin_body": {
                    "kind": "string",
                    "description": "Origin celestial physique (e.g., Earth, Mars)"
                },
                "destination_body": {
                    "kind": "string",
                    "description": "Vacation spot celestial physique (non-compulsory for some calculations)"
                },
                "spacecraft_mass": {
                    "kind": "quantity",
                    "description": "Spacecraft mass in kilograms"
                },
                "initial_orbit": {
                    "kind": "object",
                    "properties": {
                        "altitude": {"kind": "quantity", "description": "Preliminary orbit altitude in km"},
                        "eccentricity": {"kind": "quantity", "description": "Orbital eccentricity (0 = round)"},
                        "inclination": {"kind": "quantity", "description": "Orbital inclination in levels"}
                    }
                },
                "target_orbit": {
                    "kind": "object",
                    "properties": {
                        "altitude": {"kind": "quantity", "description": "Goal orbit altitude in km"},
                        "eccentricity": {"kind": "quantity", "description": "Orbital eccentricity"},
                        "inclination": {"kind": "quantity", "description": "Orbital inclination in levels"}
                    }
                }
            },
            "required": ["calculation_type", "origin_body"]
        }
    },
    {
        "identify": "search_exoplanets",
        "description": "Searches the confirmed exoplanet catalog based mostly on particular standards equivalent to liveable zone, dimension, detection technique, distance from Earth, and atmospheric traits. Returns up to date knowledge from missions like Kepler, TESS, and ground-based observatories.",
        "input_schema": {
            "kind": "object",
            "properties": {
                "habitable_zone_only": {
                    "kind": "boolean",
                    "description": "Filter solely exoplanets within the liveable zone of their stars"
                },
                "max_distance_light_years": {
                    "kind": "quantity",
                    "description": "Most distance from Earth in light-years"
                },
                "planet_type": {
                    "kind": "array",
                    "objects": {
                        "kind": "string",
                        "enum": ["terrestrial", "super_earth", "neptune_like", "gas_giant"]
                    },
                    "description": "Planet varieties to incorporate within the search"
                },
                "detection_method": {
                    "kind": "array",
                    "objects": {
                        "kind": "string",
                        "enum": ["transit", "radial_velocity", "direct_imaging", "microlensing", "timing"]
                    },
                    "description": "Detection strategies used"
                },
                "has_atmosphere_data": {
                    "kind": "boolean",
                    "description": "Embody solely planets with accessible atmospheric knowledge"
                },
                "sort_by": {
                    "kind": "string",
                    "enum": ["distance", "discovery_date", "mass", "radius", "temperature"],
                    "description": "Subject for sorting outcomes"
                },
                "restrict": {
                    "kind": "integer",
                    "description": "Most variety of outcomes to return",
                    "minimal": 1,
                    "most": 100
                }
            },
            "required": []
        }
    },
    {
        "identify": "predict_astronomical_event",
        "description": "Predicts future astronomical occasions equivalent to photo voltaic and lunar eclipses, planetary transits, conjunctions, meteor showers, comet passages, and planetary alignments for a selected location on Earth.",
        "input_schema": {
            "kind": "object",
            "properties": {
                "event_type": {
                    "kind": "array",
                    "objects": {
                        "kind": "string",
                        "enum": ["solar_eclipse", "lunar_eclipse", "planetary_transit", "conjunction", "meteor_shower", "comet_passage", "planetary_alignment"]
                    },
                    "description": "Kinds of astronomical occasions to foretell"
                },
                "location": {
                    "kind": "object",
                    "properties": {
                        "latitude": {"kind": "quantity", "minimal": -90, "most": 90},
                        "longitude": {"kind": "quantity", "minimal": -180, "most": 180},
                        "city_name": {"kind": "string", "description": "Metropolis identify (different to lat/lon)"}
                    },
                    "description": "Observer location on Earth"
                },
                "time_range": {
                    "kind": "object",
                    "properties": {
                        "start_date": {"kind": "string", "format": "date", "description": "Begin date (`YYYY-MM-DD`)"},
                        "end_date": {"kind": "string", "format": "date", "description": "Finish date (`YYYY-MM-DD`)"}
                    },
                    "required": ["start_date", "end_date"]
                },
                "minimum_visibility": {
                    "kind": "string",
                    "enum": ["any", "partial", "total", "optimal"],
                    "description": "Minimal required visibility of the occasion"
                },
                "include_times": {
                    "kind": "boolean",
                    "description": "Embody precise begin, peak, and finish occasions of the occasion"
                }
            },
            "required": ["event_type", "time_range"]
        }
    },
    {
        "identify": "analyze_spectroscopy_data",
        "description": "Analyzes spectroscopic knowledge from celestial objects to find out chemical composition, temperature, radial velocity, magnetic discipline, and different bodily properties. Helps spectra from stars, nebulae, galaxies, and planetary atmospheres.",
        "input_schema": {
            "kind": "object",
            "properties": {
                "spectrum_data": {
                    "kind": "object",
                    "properties": {
                        "wavelengths": {
                            "kind": "array",
                            "objects": {"kind": "quantity"},
                            "description": "Array of wavelengths in nanometers"
                        },
                        "intensities": {
                            "kind": "array",
                            "objects": {"kind": "quantity"},
                            "description": "Array of corresponding intensities"
                        }
                    }
                },
                "object_type": {
                    "kind": "string",
                    "enum": ["star", "nebula", "galaxy", "planetary_atmosphere", "interstellar_medium"],
                    "description": "Sort of celestial object being analyzed"
                },
                "analysis_goals": {
                    "kind": "array",
                    "objects": {
                        "kind": "string",
                        "enum": ["chemical_composition", "temperature", "radial_velocity", "magnetic_field", "rotation_rate", "atmospheric_pressure"]
                    },
                    "description": "Particular targets of the spectroscopic evaluation"
                },
                "spectral_resolution": {
                    "kind": "quantity",
                    "description": "Spectral decision in angstroms"
                },
                "calibration_applied": {
                    "kind": "boolean",
                    "description": "Signifies whether or not calibration has already been utilized to the info"
                }
            },
            "required": ["object_type", "analysis_goals"]
        }
    }
    # ... further instruments
]

def build_converse_tools():
    """Convert instrument definitions to Converse API format with cache level."""
    instruments = []
    for instrument in TOOLS_LIST:
        instruments.append({
            "toolSpec": {
                "identify": instrument["name"],
                "description": instrument["description"],
                "inputSchema": {"json": instrument["input_schema"]}
            }
        })
    # Append cachePoint after the instrument specs
    instruments.append({"cachePoint": {"kind": "default"}})
    return instruments


def converse_tools_cached(query):
    response = bedrock.converse(
        modelId=MODEL_ID,
        messages=[{"role": "user", "content": [{"text": question}]}],
        toolConfig={"instruments": build_converse_tools()},
        inferenceConfig={"maxTokens": 512}
    )
    return response["usage"]

# Request 1: cache write
usage1 = converse_tools_cached("Plan a mission to Europa.")
print("Request 1 (cache write anticipated):")
print(json.dumps(usage1, indent=2))

time.sleep(1)

# Request 2: totally different query, similar instruments (cache learn)
usage2 = converse_tools_cached("Calculate the escape velocity from Mars.")
print("nRequest 2 (cache learn anticipated):")
print(json.dumps(usage2, indent=2))

content material = [
    {"text": "<core reference material>"},
    {"cachePoint": {"type": "default", "ttl": "1h"}},    # longer TTL first
    {"text": "<session-specific context>"},
    {"cachePoint": {"type": "default", "ttl": "5m"}},    # shorter TTL second
    {"text": "<user question>"}
]

import boto3
import json
import time

MODEL_ID = "international.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0"
AWS_REGION = "us-west-2"
CACHE_TTL_LONG = "1h"
CACHE_TTL_SHORT = "5m"

bedrock = boto3.shopper("bedrock-runtime", region_name=AWS_REGION)

SPACE_SECTION_1 = """
The universe is an unlimited expanse that people have studied for 1000's of years. From early civilizations that tracked the night time sky to fashionable astronomers utilizing subtle telescopes and spacecraft to look at distant galaxies, the pursuit of cosmic data continues.

Our photo voltaic system, situated within the Milky Method, is residence to eight planets, quite a few dwarf planets, and numerous smaller objects together with asteroids, comets, and meteoroids. The Solar, a middle-aged G-type main-sequence star, offers the power that sustains life on Earth and influences the dynamics of all objects inside its gravitational attain.

The Solar itself is a captivating object of examine. Its core reaches temperatures of 15 million levels Celsius, the place nuclear fusion converts hydrogen to helium, releasing super quantities of power. This power takes 1000's of years to journey from the core to the floor, the place it lastly radiates into house as mild and warmth. The Solar's floor, known as the photosphere, shows a granular texture attributable to convection cells of scorching plasma rising and cooling. Sunspots, darker areas on the floor, mark areas of intense magnetic exercise that may generate photo voltaic flares and coronal mass ejections able to disrupting communications and energy grids on Earth.

Mercury, the innermost planet, experiences excessive temperature variations because of its proximity to the Solar and lack of considerable ambiance. Venus, typically known as Earth's twin because of its comparable dimension, has a thick ambiance composed primarily of carbon dioxide, making a runaway greenhouse impact that makes it the most well liked planet in our photo voltaic system. Earth, our residence, is the one identified planet to harbor life, with its distinctive mixture of liquid water, reasonable temperatures, and protecting magnetic discipline.

Earth's Moon, our solely pure satellite tv for pc, performs a key position in stabilizing our planet's axial tilt, which maintains comparatively steady local weather circumstances. The Moon's gravitational pull creates tides in Earth's oceans, which have influenced the evolution of coastal ecosystems. The main principle for the Moon's formation suggests it resulted from a collision between the early Earth and a Mars-sized physique known as Theia roughly 4.5 billion years in the past. This large impression ejected materials into orbit round Earth, which ultimately coalesced to type the Moon.

Mars, the Purple Planet, has lengthy been a topic of fascination and hypothesis about the potential for extraterrestrial life. Its rusty look comes from iron oxide prevalent on its floor. The planet options the most important volcano within the photo voltaic system, Olympus Mons, and a canyon system, Valles Marineris, that dwarfs the Grand Canyon. Proof from Mars rovers and orbiters means that liquid water as soon as flowed on the Martian floor, carving river valleys and lake beds. At this time, water ice exists within the polar caps and presumably in subsurface deposits. The skinny ambiance, composed primarily of carbon dioxide, offers little safety in opposition to dangerous photo voltaic radiation.

The asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter comprises hundreds of thousands of rocky objects, remnants of the early photo voltaic system that by no means coalesced right into a planet. The most important object on this belt is Ceres, now categorized as a dwarf planet with a diameter of about 940 kilometers. These asteroids vary in dimension from small pebbles to huge our bodies a whole lot of kilometers in diameter. Scientists examine these historic rocks to know the circumstances that existed throughout the formation of our photo voltaic system roughly 4.6 billion years in the past. Some asteroids are composed primarily of rock, others of steel, and a few include vital quantities of water ice and natural compounds.

Jupiter, the king of planets, dominates the outer photo voltaic system with its huge dimension and highly effective magnetic discipline. This gasoline large may include greater than 1,300 Earths in its quantity. Its iconic Nice Purple Spot is a storm system that has endured for at the very least 350 years, bigger than Earth itself. The 4 largest moons of Jupiter, found by Galileo in 1610, represent a miniature photo voltaic system. Europa's subsurface ocean, Io's volcanic exercise, Ganymede's magnetic discipline, and Callisto's historic cratered floor every inform distinctive tales about planetary processes.

Jupiter's ambiance consists primarily of hydrogen and helium, with traces of methane, ammonia, water vapor, and different compounds. The planet's speedy rotation, finishing a day in just below 10 hours, creates robust atmospheric currents that produce the attribute banded look. Lightning storms on Jupiter may be 1000's of occasions extra highly effective than these on Earth. The planet's robust magnetic discipline, about 20,000 occasions stronger than Earth's, traps charged particles in radiation belts that may be deadly to unprotected spacecraft and astronauts.

Saturn's magnificent ring system, composed of numerous ice and rock particles, extends a whole lot of 1000's of kilometers into house however is remarkably skinny, typically lower than one kilometer thick. The planet itself is a gasoline large with wind speeds that may exceed 1,800 kilometers per hour. Titan, Saturn's largest moon, has a thick nitrogen-rich ambiance and methane lakes, making it one of the Earth-like our bodies within the photo voltaic system regardless of its frigid temperatures of minus 179 levels Celsius.

Saturn has at the very least 146 confirmed moons, every with distinctive traits. Enceladus, a small icy moon, expels geysers of water vapor and ice particles from its south polar area, suggesting a subsurface ocean that would harbor circumstances appropriate for all times. Iapetus shows a placing two-toned look with one vivid hemisphere and one darkish. Mimas options an infinite crater that makes it resemble the Demise Star from Star Wars. These various moons present insights into the processes that form worlds all through the photo voltaic system.

The ice giants Uranus and Neptune characterize the outer frontier of our planetary system. Uranus rotates on its facet, probably due to an enormous collision in its distant previous, inflicting excessive seasonal differences that final many years. Neptune, the windiest planet, shows the quickest wind speeds within the photo voltaic system, reaching as much as 2,100 kilometers per hour. Each planets have advanced ring programs and quite a few moons, with Neptune's Triton being notably fascinating because of its retrograde orbit and lively nitrogen geysers.

Uranus seems as a featureless blue-green sphere in most photos because of methane in its ambiance absorbing pink mild. Nevertheless, latest observations have revealed cloud options and storm programs in its ambiance. The planet's uncommon axial tilt of 98 levels means its poles alternately level towards and away from the Solar throughout its 84-year orbit, creating probably the most excessive seasons within the photo voltaic system. Miranda, one in all Uranus's moons, shows one of the weird and diverse terrains within the photo voltaic system, with huge canyons and terraced options suggesting a violent previous.

Neptune was found in 1846 by mathematical predictions moderately than systematic looking, making it the primary planet situated by theoretical calculations moderately than empirical statement. Its deep blue colour comes from methane within the ambiance, just like Uranus however extra vivid. Neptune radiates extra warmth than it receives from the Solar, suggesting an inside warmth supply. The planet's largest moon, Triton, orbits in the wrong way to Neptune's rotation and is slowly spiraling inward, suggesting it was captured from the Kuiper Belt moderately than forming alongside the planet.

Past Neptune lies the Kuiper Belt, residence to Pluto and 1000's of different icy our bodies. This area extends from about 30 to 55 astronomical models from the Solar and represents the remnants of planetary formation. The invention of quite a few giant Kuiper Belt objects within the early twenty first century led to Pluto's reclassification as a dwarf planet in 2006, highlighting how our understanding of the photo voltaic system continues to evolve. Different notable Kuiper Belt objects embrace Eris, Makemake, and Haumea, every with distinctive traits that problem our understanding of planetary formation and evolution.
"""

SPACE_SECTION_2 = """
Exoplanet analysis has expanded our understanding of planetary programs. The Kepler house telescope found 1000's of planets orbiting different stars, revealing that planets are frequent all through our galaxy. A few of these exoplanets reside within the liveable zone of their stars, the place liquid water may exist on the floor.

Black holes, areas of spacetime the place gravity is so robust that nothing can escape, characterize among the most excessive objects within the universe. Stellar black holes type from the collapse of huge stars, whereas supermassive black holes, containing hundreds of thousands to billions of photo voltaic lots, reside on the facilities of most galaxies together with our personal.

Darkish matter and darkish power collectively comprise about 95% of the universe's complete mass-energy content material. Darkish matter, which doesn't emit or soak up mild, reveals its presence by gravitational results on seen matter.

The examine of exoplanets has revealed unbelievable variety in planetary programs. Scorching Jupiters orbit their stars in simply days, tidally locked with everlasting day and night time sides. Tremendous-Earths, planets bigger than Earth however smaller than Neptune, don't have any analog in our photo voltaic system however seem frequent elsewhere. Some exoplanets orbit binary star programs, experiencing double sunrises just like the fictional planet Tatooine. The TESS mission continues to find new worlds, discovering planets round close by stars that could possibly be studied intimately by future telescopes.

Stellar evolution follows predictable patterns based mostly on a star's preliminary mass. Low-mass stars like pink dwarfs burn their gas slowly and may shine for trillions of years. Medium-mass stars like our Solar will ultimately broaden into pink giants, engulfing their inside planets earlier than expelling their outer layers to type lovely planetary nebulae. Large stars reside quick and die younger, exploding as supernovae that scatter heavy components into house, enriching the interstellar medium with the constructing blocks for brand new stars and planets.

Neutron stars, the collapsed cores of huge stars, pack extra mass than the Solar right into a sphere simply 20 kilometers in diameter. Their density is so excessive {that a} teaspoon of neutron star materials would weigh a few billion tons on Earth. Some neutron stars spin quickly and emit beams of radiation, showing as pulsars that flash with unbelievable precision. Others exist in binary programs, slowly accreting matter from companion stars and sometimes erupting in thermonuclear explosions seen throughout the galaxy.

Galaxies are available in many styles and sizes. Spiral galaxies just like the Milky Method characteristic spiral arms of stars, gasoline, and dirt rotating round dense central bulges. Elliptical galaxies seem as featureless blobs of previous stars with little ongoing star formation. Irregular galaxies lack organized construction, typically disturbed by gravitational interactions with neighbors. The most important galaxies include trillions of stars, whereas dwarf galaxies might host only some billion. Galaxy collisions, although violent on cosmic scales, not often contain precise stellar collisions as a result of huge areas between stars.

The universe started roughly 13.8 billion years in the past within the Large Bang, an occasion that created house, time, matter, and power. Within the first fraction of a second, the universe underwent speedy inflation, increasing sooner than the velocity of sunshine and setting the stage for construction formation. Because the universe cooled, basic particles shaped, then atomic nuclei and ultimately impartial atoms. The cosmic microwave background radiation, found in 1965, offers a snapshot of the universe when it was simply 380,000 years previous, displaying tiny density variations that may ultimately develop into galaxies and galaxy clusters.

Darkish power, found by observations of distant supernovae, is inflicting the accelerated growth of the universe. This mysterious pressure, comprising about 68% of the universe's power content material, works in opposition to gravity on cosmic scales. Its nature stays one of many biggest enigmas in physics. Darkish matter, constituting about 27% of the universe, reveals itself by gravitational results however has by no means been straight detected. Quite a few experiments worldwide seek for darkish matter particles, hoping to resolve this cosmic thriller.

Gravitational waves, ripples in spacetime predicted by Einstein's normal relativity, had been first detected in 2015 by the LIGO observatory. These waves carry details about probably the most violent cosmic occasions: black gap collisions, neutron star mergers, and presumably echoes of the Large Bang itself. Their detection opened a brand new window for observing the universe, complementing conventional electromagnetic astronomy and permitting scientists to review phenomena beforehand invisible to telescopes.
"""

QUESTION = "Based mostly on the context above about house, what are some key info about Mars?"

def converse_mixed_ttl():
    content material = [
        {"text": SPACE_SECTION_1},
        {"cachePoint": {"type": "default", "ttl": CACHE_TTL_LONG}},
        {"text": SPACE_SECTION_2},
        {"cachePoint": {"type": "default", "ttl": CACHE_TTL_SHORT}},
        {"text": QUESTION}
    ]

    response = bedrock.converse(
        modelId=MODEL_ID,
        messages=[{"role": "user", "content": content}],
        inferenceConfig={"maxTokens": 512}
    )
    return response["usage"]

# Request 1: cache write
usage1 = converse_mixed_ttl()
print("Request 1 (cache write anticipated):")
print(json.dumps(usage1, indent=2))

time.sleep(1)

# Request 2: cache learn
usage2 = converse_mixed_ttl()
print("nRequest 2 (cache learn anticipated):")
print(json.dumps(usage2, indent=2))

"cacheDetails": [
    {"ttl": "1h", "inputTokens": 1547},
    {"ttl": "5m", "inputTokens": 1823}
]

import hashlib

sha256_hash = hashlib.sha256(tenant_id.encode()).hexdigest()
directions = f"{sha256_hash}:{directions}"

import hashlib

def chat_with_document(doc, user_query, tenant_id):
    """Chat with a doc utilizing tenant-isolated immediate caching."""
    directions = INSTRUCTIONS  # detailed evaluation directions

    if tenant_id:
        sha256_hash = hashlib.sha256(tenant_id.encode()).hexdigest()
        directions = f"{sha256_hash}:{directions}"

    document_content = f"Right here is the doc: <doc>{doc}</doc>"

    response = bedrock.converse(
        modelId=MODEL_ID,
        messages=[{
            "role": "user",
            "content": [
                {"text": instructions},
                {"text": document_content},
                {"cachePoint": {"type": "default"}},
                {"text": user_query}
            ]
        }],
        inferenceConfig={"maxTokens": 500, "temperature": 0}
    )

    utilization = response["usage"]
    textual content = response["output"]["message"]["content"][0]["text"]
    return utilization, textual content

# Tenant 1: first request (cache write)
utilization, _ = chat_with_document(DOCUMENT, "What's immediate caching?", tenant_id="tenant1")
print("Tenant 1, Request 1 (cache write anticipated):")
print(json.dumps(utilization, indent=2))

# Tenant 1: second request (cache learn)
utilization, _ = chat_with_document(DOCUMENT, "What are the use instances?", tenant_id="tenant1")
print("Tenant 1, Request 2 (cache learn anticipated):")
print(json.dumps(utilization, indent=2))

# Tenant 2: first request (separate cache write)
utilization, _ = chat_with_document(DOCUMENT, "What's immediate caching?", tenant_id="tenant2")
print("Tenant 2, Request 1 (cache write anticipated, separate from tenant1):")
print(json.dumps(utilization, indent=2))

# Tenant 2: second request (reads from tenant2's cache)
utilization, _ = chat_with_document(DOCUMENT, "What are the use instances?", tenant_id="tenant2")
print("Tenant 2, Request 2 (cache learn anticipated):")
print(json.dumps(utilization, indent=2))

from langchain_aws import ChatBedrockConverse
from langchain_core.messages import HumanMessage, SystemMessage

HumanMessage(content material=[
    {"type": "text", "text": "<document content>"},
    ChatBedrockConverse.create_cache_point()   # generates {"cachePoint": {"type": "default"}}
])

import boto3
import json
import time
from langchain_aws import ChatBedrockConverse
from langchain_core.messages import HumanMessage, SystemMessage

MODEL_ID = "international.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0"
AWS_REGION = "us-west-2"

DOCUMENT = """
The universe is an unlimited and mysterious expanse that has captivated human creativeness for millennia. From the earliest civilizations who regarded up on the night time sky and questioned concerning the nature of the celebrities, to fashionable astronomers utilizing subtle telescopes and spacecraft to discover distant galaxies, our quest to know the cosmos continues unabated. This complete overview covers the main elements of our universe, from the smallest asteroids to the most important galaxy clusters.

Our photo voltaic system, situated within the Milky Method galaxy, is residence to eight planets, quite a few dwarf planets, and numerous smaller objects together with asteroids, comets, and meteoroids. The Solar, a middle-aged G-type main-sequence star, offers the power that sustains life on Earth and influences the dynamics of all objects inside its gravitational attain.

Mercury, the innermost planet, experiences excessive temperature variations because of its proximity to the Solar and lack of considerable ambiance. Venus, typically known as Earth's twin because of its comparable dimension, has a thick ambiance composed primarily of carbon dioxide, making a runaway greenhouse impact that makes it the most well liked planet in our photo voltaic system. Earth, our residence, is the one identified planet to harbor life, with its distinctive mixture of liquid water, reasonable temperatures, and protecting magnetic discipline.

Mars, the Purple Planet, has lengthy been a topic of fascination and hypothesis about the potential for extraterrestrial life. Its rusty look comes from iron oxide prevalent on its floor. The planet options the most important volcano within the photo voltaic system, Olympus Mons, and a canyon system, Valles Marineris, that dwarfs the Grand Canyon. Current Mars missions have found proof of historic river programs and the presence of water ice beneath the floor.

The asteroid belt, situated between Mars and Jupiter, comprises hundreds of thousands of rocky objects starting from small boulders to the dwarf planet Ceres. These remnants from the early photo voltaic system present beneficial insights into planetary formation and the circumstances that existed billions of years in the past. Scientists examine these asteroids to know the constructing blocks of planets and the early photo voltaic system's chemical composition. Some asteroids include beneficial metals and minerals that will sooner or later be mined for space-based industries.

The terrestrial planets share frequent traits: rocky compositions, comparatively small sizes in comparison with gasoline giants, and stable surfaces. Mercury's closely cratered floor resembles our Moon, preserving a report of impacts from the early photo voltaic system. Venus's dense ambiance traps warmth so successfully that its floor temperature exceeds that of Mercury, regardless of being farther from the Solar. Earth's plate tectonics repeatedly reshape its floor, whereas Mars exhibits proof of previous geological exercise together with historic volcanoes and water-carved channels.

Jupiter, the most important planet, is a gasoline large composed primarily of hydrogen and helium. Its Nice Purple Spot, a persistent anticyclonic storm, has been noticed for over 400 years. Jupiter's intense magnetic discipline and quite a few moons, together with the 4 Galilean satellites found by Galileo Galilei in 1610, make it a miniature photo voltaic system in its personal proper. Europa, one in all these moons, is believed to have a subsurface ocean that would probably harbor life.

Saturn, well-known for its spectacular ring system, is one other gasoline large with dozens of moons. Titan, its largest moon, has a thick ambiance and liquid hydrocarbon lakes, making it one of the intriguing our bodies within the photo voltaic system for astrobiological analysis. The Cassini-Huygens mission supplied unprecedented particulars about Saturn and its moons throughout its 13-year exploration.

Uranus and Neptune, the ice giants, reside within the outer reaches of our photo voltaic system. Uranus rotates on its facet, probably due to an enormous impression early in its historical past. Neptune, the windiest planet, options storms with wind speeds exceeding 2,000 kilometers per hour. Each planets have ring programs, although much less outstanding than Saturn's.

Past Neptune lies the Kuiper Belt, a area populated by icy our bodies together with the dwarf planet Pluto. The New Horizons mission's flyby of Pluto in 2015 revealed a geologically lively world with nitrogen glaciers and a hazy ambiance. Even additional out is the Oort Cloud, a hypothetical spherical shell of icy objects that will lengthen midway to the closest star.

The outer photo voltaic system stays largely unexplored in comparison with the inside planets. Solely Voyager 2 has visited each Uranus and Neptune, conducting transient flybys within the Nineteen Eighties. Future missions are being deliberate to review these ice giants in additional element, probably together with orbiters and atmospheric probes. The moons of the outer planets current thrilling targets for astrobiology, with Europa, Enceladus, and Titan all displaying indicators of environments that would help life.

Gasoline giants and ice giants differ basically in composition. Whereas Jupiter and Saturn are primarily hydrogen and helium, Uranus and Neptune include vital quantities of water, ammonia, and methane ices. This distinction provides the ice giants their attribute blue-green colours and totally different inside buildings in comparison with their bigger neighbors.

Exoplanet analysis has revolutionized our understanding of planetary programs. The Kepler house telescope found 1000's of planets orbiting different stars, revealing that planets are frequent all through our galaxy. A few of these exoplanets reside within the liveable zone of their stars, the place liquid water may exist on the floor.

The seek for extraterrestrial intelligence, often called SETI, makes use of radio telescopes to pay attention for indicators from superior civilizations. Whereas no definitive indicators have been detected, the Drake Equation offers a framework for estimating the variety of speaking civilizations in our galaxy.

Black holes, areas of spacetime the place gravity is so robust that nothing can escape, characterize among the most excessive objects within the universe. Stellar black holes type from the collapse of huge stars, whereas supermassive black holes, containing hundreds of thousands to billions of photo voltaic lots, reside on the facilities of most galaxies together with our personal.

The James Webb Area Telescope, launched in 2021, observes in infrared to review the earliest galaxies and probe planetary atmospheres for indicators of life. Understanding the universe requires collaboration throughout disciplines together with physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering.

Stellar evolution describes how stars change over their lifetimes. Stars type in molecular clouds when gravity causes dense areas to break down. Nuclear fusion within the core converts hydrogen to helium, releasing monumental quantities of power. When stars exhaust their nuclear gas, their destiny is determined by their mass: smaller stars change into white dwarfs, medium stars might change into neutron stars, and probably the most huge stars explode as supernovae, probably abandoning black holes.

Galaxies, containing billions of stars, are available in varied shapes together with spiral, elliptical, and irregular. The Milky Method is a barred spiral galaxy roughly 100,000 light-years in diameter. Galaxies typically cluster collectively, forming teams and superclusters related by cosmic filaments of darkish matter and gasoline. The observable universe comprises roughly two trillion galaxies, every harboring a whole lot of billions of stars.

The cosmic microwave background radiation, found in 1965, offers a snapshot of the universe roughly 380,000 years after the Large Bang. Detailed measurements of this radiation have confirmed the Large Bang principle and revealed details about the early universe's composition and geometry. Darkish matter and darkish power collectively comprise about 95% of the universe's complete mass-energy content material.

Area exploration has achieved outstanding milestones for the reason that launch of Sputnik in 1957. Human spaceflight started with Yuri Gagarin's orbit in 1961 and culminated within the Apollo Moon landings. The Worldwide Area Station has hosted steady human presence in house since 2000. Future missions goal to return people to the Moon by the Artemis program and ultimately ship astronauts to Mars. Personal house firms have reworked the trade, growing reusable rockets which have dramatically decreased launch prices.

The examine of astrobiology examines the origin, evolution, and distribution of life within the universe. Scientists seek for biosignatures in planetary atmospheres and analyze extremophiles on Earth to know the bounds of life. The invention of natural molecules on Mars and within the plumes of Enceladus fuels hypothesis about the potential for life elsewhere in our photo voltaic system. Fashionable telescopes have detected exoplanets utilizing a number of strategies together with transit photometry, radial velocity measurements, and direct imaging.

Gravitational wave astronomy represents one of many latest frontiers in house science. The LIGO and Virgo detectors have noticed mergers of black holes and neutron stars, confirming predictions from Einstein's normal principle of relativity. These observations have opened a completely new window on the universe, permitting scientists to review phenomena which can be invisible to conventional electromagnetic telescopes. The longer term space-based LISA mission guarantees to detect gravitational waves from much more unique sources, together with the mergers of supermassive black holes on the facilities of galaxies.
"""

llm = ChatBedrockConverse(
    model_id="international.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0",
    region_name="us-west-2",
    temperature=0,
    max_tokens=1000
)

def chat_with_cache(query):
    """Ship a query a few doc with immediate caching enabled."""
    messages = [
        SystemMessage(content="You are a helpful assistant that answers questions about documents."),
        HumanMessage(content=[
            {"type": "text", "text": f"Here is a document: {DOCUMENT}"},
            ChatBedrockConverse.create_cache_point()
        ]),
        HumanMessage(content material=query)
    ]

    response = llm.invoke(messages)
    return response

# Request 1: cache write
r1 = chat_with_cache("What are the ice large planets?")
print(f"Response: {r1.content material[:200]}...")
print(f"Utilization: {json.dumps(r1.usage_metadata, indent=2, default=str)}")

import boto3
import json
import time
from langchain_aws import ChatBedrockConverse
from langchain_core.messages import HumanMessage, SystemMessage
from langchain_core.prompts import ChatPromptTemplate
from langchain_core.output_parsers import StrOutputParser

MODEL_ID = "international.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929-v1:0"
AWS_REGION = "us-west-2"

template = ChatPromptTemplate.from_messages([
    ("system", "You are a helpful assistant that answers questions about documents."),
    ("human", [
        {"type": "text", "text": f"Here is a document: {DOCUMENT}"},
        ChatBedrockConverse.create_cache_point()
    ]),
    ("human", "{query}")
])

chain = template | llm | StrOutputParser()

# Run a number of questions: first writes to cache, subsequent reads from cache
questions = [
    "What are the ice giant planets?",
    "What discoveries has New Horizons made?",
    "How does Jupiter's Great Red Spot compare to storms on Earth?",
]

for i, q in enumerate(questions):
    begin = time.time()
    end result = chain.invoke({"query": q})
    elapsed = time.time() - begin
    print(f"nQ{i+1}: {q}")
    print(f"A: {end result[:150]}...")
    print(f"Time: {elapsed:.2f}s")
    time.sleep(0.5)

r = llm.invoke(messages)
print(json.dumps(r.usage_metadata, indent=2, default=str))